Interactive Advertising Bureau
IAB Europe Guide

Endemic, Near‑Endemic and Non‑Endemic in Retail & Commerce Media

Definitions, Market Context and Measurement
Endemic: native to the shopper journeyNon-endemic: pure audience reach
One test runs through the whole framework: can a shopper buy the advertiser's product at this retailer?
Yes → Endemic Related → Near-endemic No → Non-endemic
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Introduction

Three structural forces underpin this growth

Demand-side: the search for signals.

With third-party cookies diminishing, retailers' first-party data is one of the few scalable targeting assets left. For non-endemic categories such as insurance, telecoms, or automotive, which have no shelf presence at the retailer, retail data offers a genuinely new capability: 58% of advertisers want to use it for audience targeting (eMarketer)

Supply-side: incremental revenue.

Non-endemic budgets come from outside the trade and shopper pool, so they can grow the retailer's media P&L without cannibalising supplier funding. Much of this spend flows off-site, where non-endemic retail media spend is projected to grow 29.6% in 2026, according to eMarketer's “FAQ on non-endemic retail media: Leaders, data uses, and what's new for 2026.”

The relevance constraint.

Irrelevant ads erode shopper experience, which is why near-endemic matters as a tier: it captures advertisers who bring incremental budgets while staying contextually relevant to the shopping mission, the lowest-risk route beyond endemic demand.

Definitions

Endemic, Near-Endemic and Non-Endemic

Endemic

Endemic

Advertisers displaying brands or products that customers can purchase at the retailer.

Near-Endemic

Near-endemic

Advertisers displaying brands or products that are not sold by the retailer, but that share a category adjacency, complementary use occasion, or overlapping purchase intent with products the retailer does sell. Legitimate association from the shopper would be required.

Non-Endemic

Non-endemic

Advertisers displaying brands or products that customers cannot purchase at the retailer, leveraging the retailer's audience, data, and media reach rather than driving on-platform sales.

Note: classification is always retailer-relative; the same advertiser may be endemic, near-endemic, or non-endemic depending on the retailer (e.g. a toothpaste brand is endemic to a grocer but non-endemic to an electronics retailer).
Practical application

Examples Across Retail Environments

The below should be read in two steps. First, the core definitions establish whether the advertiser's product can be bought from the retailer. Second, the sub-categories and relevance spectrum explain how retailers can judge borderline cases where relevance depends on category adjacency, usage occasion, location, loyalty relationships or audience data.

Viewing as
Switch between Grocery Retailer and DIY Retailer
Pizza brand
Endemic Non-endemic
Avocado council such as APEAM (Association of Avocado Exporting Producers and Packers of Mexico)
Near-endemic Non-endemic
Chainsaw brand
Non-endemic Endemic
Roofing association
Non-endemic Near-endemic
Insurance company
Non-endemic Depends on product/context
Near-endemic

Near-Endemic Sub-Categories

Non-endemic

Non-Endemic Sub-Categories (Activation Models)

The retailer's role

Retailer as Relevance Gatekeeper

The retailer should act as the gatekeeper for relevance, trust and shopper experience. Non-endemic advertising should not mean opening retail media inventory to any advertiser willing to pay; it should mean expanding demand only where the advertiser creates a credible bridge to the retailer's audience, location, shopping mission, customer journey or trust environment.

The retailer needs to assess whether the advertiser creates a credible relevance bridge to the audience, location, shopping mission, customer journey or trust environment. This protects the customer experience and prevents retail media from becoming generic advertising in a retail setting.

Measurement

The difference is ownership of the outcome

Ownership of the outcome

The measurement difference between endemic and near-/non-endemic campaigns is ownership of the outcome. For endemic advertisers, the retailer sells the product and can close the loop entirely within its own transaction data. For near- and non-endemic advertisers, the retailer does not sell the product, so conversion outcomes sit outside the retailer's data and must be captured through third-party sources; the partner's own measurement tools, or matched data via a clean room or agreed data-sharing framework.

Media measurement is unchanged but carries more weight.

For near- and non-endemic campaigns, measurement quality should be agreed upfront. Retailers and advertisers should define the primary outcome, the available data sources, the attribution window, and any clean room or data-sharing requirements before activation begins. Media metrics, impression, viewability, opportunity to see, are measured exactly as for any other retail media format. What changes is the weight placed on them: because closed-loop sales attribution is not natively available, media and engagement metrics become the primary proof of performance, especially where engagement is the campaign's stated goal. The expectation on their rigour and verification is correspondingly higher.

Conversion requires a mechanism.

If the campaign is designed to convert, it needs an explicit call to action and a trackable mechanism such as a QR code, promo code, dedicated landing page or sign-up flow, because there is no on-platform purchase to attribute. Sales uplift will depend on the brand partner and will be measured in, or in collaboration with their tools; the retailer's role is to deliver verified media delivery and audience data into that process.

The relevance spectrum

The Relevance Spectrum: From Closest to Endemic to Pure Non-Endemic

Rather than treating near-endemic and non-endemic as two fixed buckets they can also be ordered from most native to least native to the shopper journey. The closer a sub-category sits to the endemic end, the stronger its default claim to retail media inventory; the further it sits toward pure non-endemic, the greater the relevance-gatekeeping burden on the retailer.

Default claim to inventory
Strongest at the top → weakest at the bottom
Case study

MediaMarkt

MediaMarkt sells smart tech for dogs. That is a unique targetable audience for pet insurers and pet food brands. These products are Near Endemic to Media Markt and have high relevancy for the shopper across touchpoints. FIGO, the pet insurance targeted and acquired new customers with newsletters , inserts and onsite banners. Good Boy drove awareness by asking customers to take pictures of their dogs and driving a social media context.

FIGO pet insurance advert
Good Boy brand mark
Dog portrait from the Good Boy campaign

This guide defines endemic, near-endemic and non-endemic advertising in retail and commerce media, grounds those definitions in practical examples, and explains the measurement implications for each category. As the framework is adopted and refined, it could provide a foundation for future industry standards.

Marie-Clare Puffett
Senior Director, Industry Development & Marketing
puffett@iabeurope.eu
IAB Europe
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